Traditional pattern from the Spiš´s village Toryska represented a motif for the Spiš´s Pub opening. Each ornament used in the Spiš´s Pub has its symbolic; for example a star as one of most frequently used symbols in our ornamentation symbolizes luck, health and love.
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Kruh – koleso je jedným z najarchaickejších viacvýznamových symbolov, známych na Spiši. Je to jednoduchá, dokonalá, cyklicky sa opakujúca forma. I preto je znakom nekonečnosti, večnosti, dokonalosti, slnka a Boha.
Je najfrekventovanejším solárnym symbolom i metaforickým symbolom mesiaca a planét vo všeobecnosti. Znázorňuje periodicky sa opakujúci pohyb, ktorý symbolizuje večný kolobeh a nekonečno. Forma uzavretého kolesa sa akoby navracia do seba, poskytuje najvyššiu ochranu a celistvosť, je zárukou jednoty, súdržnosti, kontinuity. Kolesá sú zároveň najstaršou tanečnou formou. Smer pohybu kolesa vpravo odzrkadľuje tradičné ponímanie strán: pravá strana je správna, tá pravá.
Symbolizuje slnko, pozitívny smer a mužský princíp. Smer krútenia kolesa je zhodný s dráhou pohybu slnka, evokuje pohyb slnka a planét, harmonizáciu s pohybom v prírode, súlad s normálnym chodom vesmíru a sveta.
Krížiková výšivka a geometrické vzory patria k najstarším prejavom ornamentiky na tradičnom spišskom odeve. Kríž samotný symbolizuje spájanie kontrastov horizontálneho a vertikálneho, pozemského a nadprirodzeného a patrí k najarchaickejším symbolom.
Ako indikátor štyroch smerov – štyroch svetových strán je známy v mnohých kultúrach, Spiš nevynímajúc. Zásadný význam má kríž ako symbol obete ukrižovaného Krista. V tradičnom ľudovom umení a viere má veľký význam križovanie svätenou vodou, cesnakom, používanie kríža ako ochranného znaku na hraniciach, krížnych cestách. Ako ochranný symbol bol znázorňovaný na hradbách domov, dverách obydlí, obradových tkaninách, ale aj na tkaninách používaných v obydliach na Spiši.
Trojuholník v stredovekom ponímaní symbolizoval svet. V orientácii špičkou hore bol symbolom ohňa a mužského princípu a symbolizoval i rast a prosperitu. Tento jednoduchý geometrický vzor bol v násobenej forme hojne využívaný pri zdobení dlhých plôch. Trojuholník v kresťanskom ponímaní symbolizuje Svätú Trojicu.
Srdce je symbolom lásky, pravdepodobne pochádzajúcim zo štylizovaného zobrazenia brečtanových listov. Táto vždy zelená rastlina hojne sa vyskytujúca na Spiši bola považovaná za symbol večnosti. Jej listy zafarbené na červeno symbolizovali nekonečnú lásku. Červená farba je farbou ohňa, krvi a v prenesenom zmysle farbou života. Používala sa ako symbol ochrany, očisty, plodnosti a prosperity.
Synkretický symbol slnka v sebe spája kruh, zobrazenie nekonečna, cyklicky sa opakujúceho času, jednoty a celistvosti v spojení s listovými líniami, symbolizujúcimi krútenie sa kolesa času a pohyb slnka po oblohe. Motívy kvetov sa začali používať v súvislosti s kruhovým symbolom slnka aj na Spiši. Ornament je zobrazením slnka, kruhu a kvetu ako symbolov života, jednoty, nekonečna, prosperity a životodárnej sily.
Jednoduchý geometrický vzor v tradičnom prostredí označovaný ako rozmarín alebo rybacia kosť, symbolicky zobrazuje rast rastlín. V tradičnej agrárnej kultúre na Spiši sa používali mnohé ochranné a prosperitné úkony, ktoré mali zabezpečiť zdravý rast úrody. Ten zabezpečoval prežitie celej spoločnosti. Zelené rastliny sa využívali ako symbol panenstva, mladosti, nevinnosti a plodivej sily aj vo svadobných a kalendárnych obradoch.
Circle – wheel is one of the most archaic symbols with multiple meanings at the Spiš´s region. It is a simple, perfect and cyclically repeating form. This is why it represents a symbol of infinity, eternity, excellence, the Sun and the God.
The circle is the most frequent solar symbol and a metaphoric symbol of the Moon and the planets in general. It illustrates periodically repeating movement that symbolizes eternal cycle and infinity. The form of enclosed wheel looks as if it returns to itself, providing the highest protection and integrity, being a guarantee of unity, cohesion, and continuity. Wheels also represent the oldest dance form. Wheel movement direction (to the right) mirrors traditional perception of the sides: correct and true right side.
The circle symbolizes the Sun, positive direction and male principle. Wheel movement direction is similar to the Sun movement track, evoking the movement of the Sun and the planets, and harmonization with regular movement of the Universe and the world.
Cross- stitch embroidery and geometrical patterns represent the oldest form of ornamentation on traditional Spiš´s clothing. The cross itself symbolizes the synergy of contrasts of the horizontal and the vertical, the worldly and the supernatural, belonging to the most archaic symbols.
As an indicator of four directions – four world directions, the circle has been recognized by many cultures including the Spiš culture. The circle´s major meaning is a symbol of the victim of the crucified Jesus Christ. In the traditional folk art, crossing by holy water, garlic, use of the cross as a protection symbol on the borders and crossing roads, is of high importance. As a protection symbol, the cross was placed or painted on the fortifications, houses, house doors, on ceremonial textile and home textile used at the Spiš´s region.
Triangle symbolized the world in medieval perception. Oriented with tip on the top, it served as a symbol of fire and male principle, as well as the growth and prosperity. This simple geometrical pattern was generously used in decoration of long surfaces in multiplication. Triangle symbolizes the Holy Trinity in Christian perception.
Heart symbolizes love and it has been probably originated in the stylized illustration of the poison ivy leaves. This ever-green plant grows abundantly at the Spiš´s region and it has been considered a symbol of eternity. Poison ivy red-colored leaves symbolize never-ending love. Red color is a color of fire, blood and in other meaning also a color of life. It was used as a symbol of protection, purification, fertility and prosperity.
As one of the most frequently used symbols in the Spiš´s ornamentation, the star symbolizes luck, health and love. Since the ages, the stars have served people as orientation points, the light on the night sky and for choosing the right direction. Stars with six petals remind also solar rosettes, the symbols of the Sun and plants.
Syncretic symbol of the Sun encompasses the circle, illustrating the infinity, cyclically repeating time and integrity in connection with the leaf lines symbolizing the time wheel circulation and the Sun movement on the sky. The flower motives using started in relation to the Sun circle symbol also at the Spiš´s region. The ornament is an illustration of the Sun, circle and flower as the symbols of life, unity, infinity, prosperity and vital power.
Simple geometrical pattern marked in traditional environment as rosemary or fishbone symbolically illustrates the growth of plants. Many protective and prosperity acts were performed in the traditional agrarian culture at the Spiš´s region that should have ensured an abundant harvest. It provided for survival of the community. Green plants were used as a symbol of virginity, youth, innocence and fertile power also in wedding and seasonal ceremonies.
Zigzag decorative pattern represents a variation of triangles aligned in the strips. They were used for decoration of long textile strips, wooden tools and clay pots at the Spiš´s region. In this form, the pattern can symbolically illustrate water as a symbol of purification, life and growth, as well as a snake painting – viper. Viper has been a symbol of the world and underworld wisdom in the Spiš´s traditional culture and a spirit of the clan ancestors.
